Pressure, Anxiety and Optimism as Mumbai Slum Dwellers Confront the Bulldozers
Over an extended period, intimidating messages continued. Originally, reportedly from an ex-law enforcement official and a retired army general, and then from law enforcement directly. In the end, one resident claims he was ordered to the local precinct and told clearly: remain silent or encounter real trouble.
The leather artisan is part of a group fighting a expensive redevelopment plan where this historic settlement – one of India’s largest and most storied slums – is scheduled to be demolished and redeveloped by a corporate giant.
"The distinctive community of Dharavi is like nowhere else in the globe," says Shaikh. "However the plan aims to destroy our social fabric and silence our voices."
Contrasting Realities
The narrow alleys of this community sit in stark contrast to the high-rise structures and luxury apartments that loom over the settlement. Residences are assembled randomly and frequently missing basic amenities, small-scale operations release harmful emissions and the atmosphere is permeated by the unpleasant stench of open sewers.
Among some individuals, the promise of Dharavi transformed into a glistening neighborhood of high-end towers, organized recreational areas, contemporary malls and residences with proper sanitation is an optimistic future come true.
"We don't have sufficient health services, roads or water management and we have no places for kids to enjoy," states a chai seller, 56, who migrated from southern India in 1982. "The only way is to demolish everything and build us new homes."
Resident Opposition
However, some, like Shaikh, are opposing the redevelopment.
Everyone acknowledges that the slum, long neglected as informal housing, is in stark need investment and development. But they worry that this initiative – lacking resident participation – is one that will transform premium city property into an elite enclave, displacing the marginalized, working-class residents who have resided there since the nineteenth century.
It was these excluded, relocated individuals who developed the uninhabited area into an extensively researched phenomenon of community resilience and commercial output, whose economic value is estimated at between one million dollars and a substantial sum per year, making it one of the world's largest unregulated sectors.
Relocation Worries
Of the roughly one million inhabitants living in the crowded 220-hectare neighborhood, less than 50% will be able for replacement housing in the development, which is projected to take seven years to finish. Additional residents will be relocated to barren areas and salt plains on the far outskirts of the metropolis, threatening to break up a historic social network. A portion will not get residences at all.
Residents permitted to remain in the area will be allocated units in tower blocks, a substantial change from the organic, communal way of living and working that has maintained the community for many years.
Industries from clothing production to pottery and waste processing are likely to reduce in scale and be moved to an allocated "business area" far from people's residences.
Livelihood Crisis
In the case of Shaikh, a craftsman and multi-generational inhabitant to reside in Dharavi, the project presents an existential threat. His rickety, three-storey facility makes apparel – formal jackets, luxury coats, decorated jackets – sold in premium stores in upscale neighborhoods and internationally.
Relatives lives in the accommodations downstairs and employees and sewers – workers from north India – live in the same building, permitting him to sustain operations. Outside this community, accommodation prices are typically significantly more expensive for basic accommodation.
Threats and Warning
In the official facilities in the vicinity, a visual representation of the Dharavi project illustrates an alternative outlook. Slickly dressed people gather on cycles and eco-friendly transport, acquiring international bread and breakfast items and enlisting beverages on a patio outside Dharavi Cafe and dessert parlor. This represents a world away from the 20-rupee idli sambar first meal and low-cost tea that sustains local residents.
"This isn't development for our community," explains the artisan. "It's a huge real estate deal that will render it impossible for our community to continue."
Additionally, there exists concern of the development company. Managed by a powerful tycoon – a leading figure and a supporter of the government head – the corporation has encountered allegations of crony capitalism and financial impropriety, which it rejects.
Although local authorities labels it a partnership, the business group paid $950m for its majority share. A lawsuit stating that the project was questionably assigned to the corporation is under review in India's supreme court.
Sustained Harassment
Since they began to vocally oppose the development, protesters and community members assert they have been experienced a long-running campaign of pressure and threats – comprising phone calls, direct threats and implications that opposing the project was comparable with opposing national interests – by figures they assert represent the developer.
Among those accused of issuing the threats is {a retired police officer|a former law enforcement official|an ex-c